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What is Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a critical emergency procedure designed to save lives during cardiac arrest, a condition where the heart stops beating effectively. CPR involves a combination of chest compressions and, in some cases, artificial ventilation to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation to vital organs until professional medical help arrives.
Importance of CPR
Immediate CPR can significantly increase the chances of survival after cardiac arrest, potentially doubling or tripling the likelihood of recovery. Each year, about 350,000 people in the United States experience cardiac arrest outside of hospitals, underscoring the importance of widespread CPR knowledge and training.
Steps to Perform CPR
Call for Help: Immediately call Emergency hospital number or have someone else do it.
Check Responsiveness: Tap the person and shout to see if they respond.
Check Breathing: If they are unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping, begin CPR.
Chest Compressions:
Place your hands on the center of the chest.
Compress hard and fast at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute, pushing down at least 2 inches deep for adults.
Rescue Breaths (if trained):
After every 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths.
Ensure proper head tilt and chin lift for airway management45.
Continue CPR: Keep performing cycles of compressions and breaths until emergency services arrive or the person shows signs of life.
Hands-Only CPR
For untrained bystanders, Hands-Only CPR is recommended:
Call Emergency hospital number.
Push hard and fast in the center of the chest without giving rescue breaths.
Special Considerations
Infants and Children: Use two fingers for compressions on infants and adjust breath delivery technique accordingly. For children, perform CPR similarly to adults but with less force.
Risks: While CPR can save lives, it may cause injuries such as broken ribs due to the force required for effective compressions.